ANNEX I – List of management practices¶
Soil tillage and soil cover | Crop and cropping system | Soil nutrient management and crop protection | Water Management |
---|---|---|---|
4.1 | 4.2 | 4.3 | 4.4 |
4.1.1. No till | 4.2.1. Crop rotations | 4.3.1. Use of organic fertilizers (green- and animal manure, organic by-products and crop residues, biochar, compost) | 4.4.1. Determination of the Water Use Efficiency (photosynthetic WUE, WUE of productivity, water footprint) |
4.1.2.Direct seeding | 4.2.2.Associations/intercropping/multiple cropping/sequential crop | 4.3.2. Use of biofertilizers (biostimulants, nitrogen-fixing microorganisms, mycorrhizae) | 4.4.2. Efficient irrigation systems (drippers or micro-sprinklers, subterranean irrigation, distribution efficiency) |
4.1.3. Non-inversion/reduced tillage | 4.2.3. Cover/catch crops | 4.3.3. Use of soil amendments for buffer capacity and pH (organic, inorganic) | 4.4.3. Irrigation scheduling (based on models for water and solute transport, soil water balance, water deficit irrigation) |
4.1.4. Contour ploughing | 4.2.4. Use grassland/ pasture with legumes | 4.3.4. Methods for efficient fertilization (fertilizer recommendation, models to estimate soil nutrient balance) | 4.4.4. Drainage systems, management of water table and flooding |
4.1.5. Terrace farming | 4.2.5. Perennial crops | 4.3.5. Mechanical weeding | 4.4.5. Monitoring of soil salinisation |
4.1.6. Controlled traffic farming | 4.2.6. Mulching | 4.3.6. Precision of herbicide application | 4.4.6. Monitor the quality of irrigation water (for salts, nutrients and potential harmful substances) |
4.1.7. Low pressure (in) tires | 4.2.7. Permanent soil cover | 4.4.7. Improve water storage capacity, infiltration and reduction of runoff | |
4.1.8. Reduction of soil compaction | 4.2.8. Vegetated/grass buffer strips | ||
4.2.9. Hedges |
ANNEX II- RULES ON CROSS-COMPLIANCE PURSUANT Art. 93 REGULATION (EU) No 1307/2013¶
SMR: Statutory management requirement GAEC: Standards for good agricultural and environmental condition of land | ||
Area | Main Issue | Requirements and Standards |
Environmental, climate change, good agricultural condition of land |
Water | SMR 1 Council Directive 91/676/EEC of 12 December 1991 concerning the protection of waters against pollution caused by nitrates from agricultural sources |
GAEC 1 Establishment of buffer strips along water courses | ||
GAEC 2 Where use of water for irrigation is subject to authorisation, compliance with authorisation procedures | ||
GAEC 3 Protection of ground water against pollution | ||
Soil and carbon stock | GAEC 4 Minimum soil cover | |
GAEC 5 Minimum land management reflecting site specific conditions to limit erosion | ||
GAEC 6 Maintenance of soil organic matter level through appropriate practices including ban on burning arable stubble, except for plant health reasons | ||
Biodiversity | SMR 2 Directive 2009/147/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 30 November 2009 on the conservation of wild birds | |
SMR 3 Council Directive 92/43/EEC of 21 May 1992 on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild flora and fauna. | ||
Landscape, minimum level of maintenance | GAEC 7 Retention of landscape features, including where appropriate, hedges, ponds, ditches, trees in line, in group or isolated, field margins and terraces, and including a ban on cutting hedges and trees during the bird breeding and rearing season and, as an option, measures for avoiding invasive plant species | |
Public health, animal health and plant health |
Food safety | SMR 4 Regulation (EC) No 178/2002 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 28 January 2002 laying down the general principles and requirements of food law, establishing the European Food Safety Authority and laying down procedures in matters of food safety |
SMR 5 Council Directive 96/22/EC of 29 April 1996 concerning the prohibition on the use in stock farming of certain substances having a hormonal or thyrostatic action and beta-agonists | ||
Identification and registration of animals | SMR 6 Council Directive 2008/71/EC of 15 July 2008 on identification and registration of pigs | |
SMR 7 Regulation (EC) No 1760/2000 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 July 2000 establishing a system for the identification and registration of bovine animals and regarding the labelling of beef and beef products | ||
SMR 8 Council Regulation (EC) No 21/2004 of 17 December 2003 establishing a system for the identification and registration of ovine and caprine animals | ||
Animal diseases | SMR 9 Regulation (EC) No 999/2001 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 May 2001 laying down rules for the prevention, control and eradication of certain transmissible spongiform encephalopathies | |
Plant protection products | SMR 10 Regulation (EC) No 1107/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 October 2009 concerning the placing of plant protection products on the market | |
Animal welfare | Animal welfare | SMR 11 Council Directive 2008/119/EC of 18 December 2008 laying down minimum standards for the protection of calves |
SMR 12 Council Directive 2008/120/EC of 18 December 2008 laying down minimum standards for the protection of pigs | ||
SMR 13 Council Directive 98/58/EC of 20 July 1998 concerning the protection of animals kept for farming purposes |
ANNEX III – Priority of RDP and Focus area¶
Priorities | Focus area code | Focus area |
Priority 1: Fostering knowledge transfer and innovation in agriculture, forestry, and rural areas | 1A | Fostering innovation, cooperation, and the development of the knowledge base in rural areas |
1B | Strengthening the links between agriculture, food production and forestry and research and innovation, including for the purpose of improved environmental management and performance | |
1C | Fostering lifelong learning and vocational training in the agricultural and forestry sectors | |
Priority 2: Enhancing farm viability and competitiveness of all types of agriculture in all regions and promoting innovative farm technologies and sustainable management of forest | 2A | Improving the economic performance of all farms and facilitating farm restructuring and modernisation, notably with a view to increasing market participation and orientation as well as agricultural diversification |
2B | Facilitating the entry of adequately skilled farmers into the agricultural sector and, in particular, generational renewal | |
Priority 3: Promoting food chain organisation, including processing and marketing of agricultural products, animal welfare and risk management in agriculture | 3A | Improving competitiveness of primary producers by better integrating them into the agri-food chain through quality schemes, adding value to agricultural products, promotion in local markets and short supply circuits, producer groups and organisations and inter-branch organisations |
3B | Supporting farm risk prevention and management | |
Priority 4: Restoring, preserving and enhancing ecosystems related to agriculture and forestry | 4A | Restoring, preserving and enhancing biodiversity, including in Natura 2000 areas, and in areas facing natural or other specific constraints, and high nature value farming, as well as the state of European landscapes |
4B | Improving water management, including fertiliser and pesticide management | |
4C | Preventing soil erosion and improving soil management | |
Priority 5: Promoting resource efficiency and supporting the shift towards a low carbon and climate resilient economy in agriculture, food and forestry sectors | 5A | Increasing efficiency in water use by agriculture |
5B | Increasing efficiency in energy use in agriculture and food processing | |
5C | Facilitating the supply and use of renewable sources of energy, of by-products, wastes and residues and of other non-food raw material, for the purposes of the bio-economy | |
5D | Reducing greenhouse gas and ammonia emissions from agriculture | |
5E | Fostering carbon conservation and sequestration in agriculture and forestry | |
Priority 6: Promoting social inclusion poverty reduction and economic development in rural areas | 6A | Facilitating diversification, creation and development of small enterprises, as well as job creation |
6B | Fostering local development in rural areas | |
6C | Enhancing the accessibility, use and quality of information and communication technologies (ICT) in rural areas |
References¶
European Commission. Communication COM(2021) 82 final. Forging a climate-resilient Europe - the new EU Strategy on Adaptation to Climate Change
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=COM:2021:82:FIN
EEA (2010). The European environment – state and outlook 2010
EEA (2019). Climate change adaptation in the agriculture sector in Europe. EAA report 04/2019. ISSN 1977-8449.
https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/cc-adaptation-agriculture
Frelih-Larsen et al, 2014. Mainstreaming climate change into rural development policy post-2013.
ECA Special Report N. 23 (2019). Farmers’ income stabilisation: comprehensive set of tools, but low uptake of instruments and overcompensation need to be tackled
European Council. 2006. Proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and of the European Council establishing a framework for the protection of soil and amending Directive 2004/35/EC. European Union, Brussels, Belgium.
http://ec.europa.eu/environment/soil/pdf/com_2006_0232_en.pdf
Guyomard, H., Bureau J.-C. et al. (2020), Research for AGRI Committee – The Green Deal and the CAP: policy implications to adapt farming practices and to preserve the EU’s natural resources. European Parliament, Policy Department for Structural and Cohesion Policies, Brussels.
https://www.europarl.europa.eu/thinktank/en/document.html?reference=IPOL_STU(2020)629214
Mills, J., Gaskell, P., Ingram, J. et al. Engaging farmers in environmental management through a better understanding of behaviour. Agric Hum Values 34, 283–299 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10460-016-9705-4
OECD (2011), Management Risk in Agriculture. Policy Assessment and Design.
https://www.oecd.org/publications/managing-risk-in-agriculture-9789264116146-en.htm
Paz, A. et al. (2020). Synthesis of impacts of sustainable soil management practices. EJP SOIL deliverable 2.1.
Alicia McNeill, Harriet Bradley, Melanie Muro, Nicholas Merriman, Robert Pederson, Tugce Tugran, Zuzana Lukacova. Inventory of opportunities and bottlenecks in policy to facilitate the adoption of soil-improving techniques. Deliverable 7.1 SoilCAre project
https://www.soilcare-project.eu/resources/deliverables
SWD/2021/0115 final. COMMISSION STAFF WORKING DOCUMENT EVALUATION of the impact of the Common Agricultural Policy on climate change and greenhouse gas emissions.
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:52021SC0115
CAP – Common documents
· Integration of CAP with relevant agro-environmental legislation initiatives
· Integration of EU water policy objectives with the CAP
https://www.eca.europa.eu/Lists/ECADocuments/SR14_04/SR14_04_EN.pdf
· Overview of CAP reform 2014-2020 - Agricultural Policy Perspectives Brief
https://ec.europa.eu/agriculture/newsroom/156_en
· EAA- SOER 2015. The European environment — state and outlook 2015: an integrated assessment of the European Environment
https://www.eea.europa.eu/soer-2015/about
· COM(2000) 20 final - COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE COUNCIL AND THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT
Indicators for the Integration of Environmental Concerns into the Common Agricultural Policy
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/en/ALL/?uri=CELEX%3A52000DC0020
· Agricultural Policy Perspectives Brief, No 5, European Commission, December 2013
https://ec.europa.eu/agriculture/sites/agriculture/files/policy-perspectives/policy-briefs/05_en.pdf
· European Commission EUROPE 2020 A strategy for smart, sustainable and inclusive growth /COM/2010/2020 final/.
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:52010DC2020&from=it
· REGULATION (EU) No 1306/2013 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 17 December 2013 (financing, management and monitoring of CAP)
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/IT/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32013R1306
· European Commission. COMMISSION STAFF WORKING DOCUMENT (SWD) (2016) 218 final. Review of greening after one year
CAP – I Pillar
· REGULATION (EU) No 1307/2013 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 17 December 2013 (Direct payment)
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=uriserv:OJ.L_.2013.347.01.0608.01.ENG
· REGULATION (EU) No 1308/2013 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 17 December 2013 (Market intervention)
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2013:347:0671:0854:EN:PDF
· CAP EXPLAINED DIRECT PAYMENTS FOR FARMERS 2015-2020
· Voluntary Coupled Support
CAP – II Pillar
· EC web site with Rural Development Programme (National and Regional) for all Member States
https://ec.europa.eu/agriculture/rural-development-2014-2020/country-files_it
· REGULATION (EU) No 1305/2013 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 17 December 2013 (Rural Development)
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=celex%3A32013R1305
· COMMISSION IMPLEMENTING REGULATION (EU) No 808/2014 of 17 July 2014 (laying down rules for the application of Regulation (EU) No 1305/2013)
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/en/ALL/?uri=CELEX%3A32014R0808
· COMMISSION DELEGATED REGULATION (EU) No 807/2014 of 11 March 2014 (supplementing Regulation (EU) No 1305/2013)
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/IT/ALL/?uri=CELEX%3A32014R0807
Nitrate Directive
· Web site with Working Document on the implementation of the Nitrates Directive
http://ec.europa.eu/environment/water/water-nitrates/index_en.html
· Maps of Nitrate Vulnerable Zones
· Directive 91/676/EEC concerning the protection of waters against pollution caused by nitrates from agricultural sources
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:31991L0676
Water Framework Directive
· Directive 2000/60/EC establishing a framework for Community action in the field of water policy
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32000L0060
· European Commission (2009). Common Implementation Strategy for the Water Framework Directive (2000/60 /EC). Guidance document No. 24 RIVER BASIN MANAGEMENT IN A CHANGING CLIMATE
https://ec.europa.eu/environment/water/adaptation/index_en.htm
Pesticide Directive
· Directive 2009/128/EC establishing a framework for Community action to achieve the sustainable use of pesticides
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=celex%3A32009L0128
Post 2023 CAP reform
· The new common agricultural policy: 2023-27
· Regulation (EU) 2021/2115. CAP Strategic Plans
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=uriserv:OJ.L_.2021.435.01.0001.01.ENG
· Regulation (EU) 2021/2116 on the financing, management and monitoring of the common agricultural policy
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=uriserv:OJ.L_.2021.435.01.0187.01.ENG
· Regulation (EU) 2021/2117 establishing a common organisation of the markets in agricultural products
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=uriserv:OJ.L_.2021.435.01.0262.01.ENG
· European Commission 2019 The European Green Deal (COM) 2019 640 final
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/IT/TXT/?uri=CELEX:52019DC0640
· European Commission (2020). Farm to Fork Strategy.
https://ec.europa.eu/food/farm2fork_en.
· European Commission (2020). EU Soil Strategy for 2030. Reaping the benefits of healthy soils for people, food, nature and climate.
https://ec.europa.eu/environment/publications/eu-soil-strategy-2030_en
List of potential agricultural practices that eco-schemes could support
https://ec.europa.eu/info/news/commissionpublishes-list-potential-eco-schemes-2021-jan-14_en#moreinfo
LIFE - Environment sub-programme
https://ec.europa.eu/easme/en/section/life/life-environment-sub-programme
- Mills, J., Gaskell, P., Ingram, J., Dwyer, J., Reed, M., & Short, C. (2016). Engaging farmers in environmental management through a better understanding of behaviour. Agriculture and Human Values, 34(2), 283–299. 10.1007/s10460-016-9705-4